Ka lebaka la seoa sena, khaello le litaba tsa phepelo ea thepa li koalehile hoo e batlang e le indasteri e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho tloha ho tsa tlhahiso ho isa ho lipalangoang.Sehlahisoa se seng se seholo se amehang ke li-semiconductors, ntho eo u e sebelisang letsatsi lohle, leha u sa e hlokomele.Le hoja ho le bonolo ho hlokomoloha li-hiccups tsena tsa indasteri, khaello ea semiconductor e u ama ka litsela tse ngata ho feta kamoo u neng u ka lebella.
Semiconductor ke eng, hona e etsoa joang?
Li-semiconductors, tse tsejoang hape e le li-chips kapa microchips, ke likaroloana tse nyane tsa elektroniki tse amohelang libilione tsa li-transistors ka har'a tsona.Li-transistors li lumella kapa ha li lumelle lielektrone ho feta ho tsona.Li-chips li fumaneha lihlahisoa tse likete tse kang mehala, lijana, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, li-spaceship le likoloi.Li sebetsa e le "boko" ba lisebelisoa tsa rona tsa elektroniki ka ho sebelisa software, ho laola data, le ho laola mesebetsi.
Ho e etsa, chip e le 'ngoe e qeta nako e fetang likhoeli tse tharo e etsoa, e akaretsa mehato e fetang sekete, 'me e hloka lifeme tse khōlōhali, likamore tse se nang lerōle, mechine ea lidolara tse limilione, tin e qhibilihisitsoeng le lisebelisoa tsa laser.Ts'ebetso ena e tedious haholo ebile e theko e boima.Ka mohlala, e le hore esita le ho beha silicon mochineng oa ho etsa chip, ho hlokahala kamore e hloekileng—e hloekile hoo lerōle le ka bakang tšenyo ea liranta tse limilione.Lifate tsa chip li sebetsa ka 24/7, 'me ho ja chelete e ka bang lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 15 ho haha fektheri ea boemo ba ho kena ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tse hlokahalang.Ho qoba ho lahleheloa ke chelete, baetsi ba li-chip ba tlameha ho etsa phaello ea liranta tse libilione tse 3 ho tsoa semeleng ka seng.
Kamore e hloekileng ea semiconductor e nang le mabone a amber a sireletsang a LED.Credit Credit: REUTERS
Ke hobane'ng ha ho e-na le khaello?
Lintho tse ngata selemong se fetileng le halofo li kopane ho baka khaello ena.Ts'ebetso e rarahaneng le e theko e boima ea tlhahiso ea li-chip ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse kholo tsa khaello.Ka lebaka leo, ha ho na limela tse ngata tsa tlhahiso ea li-chip lefatšeng, kahoo bothata fekthering e le 'ngoe bo baka phello ea ripple indastering eohle.
Leha ho le joalo, sesosa se seholo sa khaello e ka bakoa ke seoa sa COVID-19.Pele ho tsohle, lifeme tse ngata li ile tsa koaloa qalong ea seoa sena, ho bolelang hore lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea chip li ne li le sieo ka likhoeli tse 'maloa.Liindasteri tse ngata tse amehang ka li-chips joalo ka likepe, tlhahiso le lipalangoang li ile tsa tobana le khaello ea basebetsi.Ho feta moo, bareki ba bangata ba ne ba lakatsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ho latela mehato ea ho lula hae le ho sebetsa hae, e leng se etsang hore litaelo tse hlokang hore li-chips li bokelle.
Ho feta moo, COVID e ile ea etsa hore likou tsa Asia li koalehe ka likhoeli tse 'maloa.Kaha 90% ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa lefats'e li feta koung ea Yantian ea China, ho koaloa hona ho bakile bothata bo boholo thomellong ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le likarolo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-chip.
Liphello tsa Mollo oa Renesas.Credit Credit: BBC
Haeba litaba tsohle tse amanang le COVID li ne li sa lekana, litaba tse fapaneng tsa boemo ba leholimo le tsona li sitisitse tlhahiso.Semela sa Renesas sa Japane, se etsang hoo e ka bang ⅓ ea li-chips tse sebelisoang likoloing, se ile sa senngoa haholo ke mollo ka Hlakubele 2021 mme ts'ebetso ha ea ka ea khutlela setloaeling ho fihlela Phupu.Maholiotsoana a mariha a Texas qetellong ea 2020 a ile a qobella tse ling tsa limela tsa chip tsa Amerika tse seng li le nyane ho emisa tlhahiso.Qetellong, komello e matla Taiwan mathoasong a 2021, naha e ka sehloohong ea tlhahiso ea li-chip, e ile ea etsa hore tlhahiso e fokotsehe kaha tlhahiso ea li-chip e hloka metsi a mangata.
Khaello ee e u ama joang?
Palo e kholo ea lihlahisoa tsa bareki tse nang le li-chips tsa semiconductor tse sebelisoang letsatsi le leng le le leng li hlakisa boteng ba khaello.Litheko tsa lisebelisoa li kanna tsa nyoloha 'me lihlahisoa tse ling li tla lieha.Ho na le likhakanyo tsa hore Baetsi ba US ba tla fokotsa bonyane likoloi tse limilione tse 1.5 ho isa ho tse 5 selemong sena.Mohlala, Nissan e phatlalalitse hore e tla fokotsa likoloi tse 500,000 ka lebaka la khaello ea li-chip.General Motors e bile ea koala ka nakoana limela tsa eona tse tharo tsa Amerika Leboea mathoasong a 2021, e paka likoloi tse likete tse phethetsoeng ntle le lichifi tsa tsona tse hlokahalang.
General Motors e koetsoe ka lebaka la khaello ea semiconductor
Credit Credit: GM
Likhamphani tsa elektronike tsa bareki li ile tsa bokella lichifi pele ho seoa sena ka hloko.Leha ho le joalo, ka Phupu CEO oa Apple Tim Cook o phatlalalitse hore khaello ea li-chip e kanna ea liehisa tlhahiso ea iPhone mme e se e amme thekiso ea li-iPads le Mac.Sony le eona e amohetse hore ba ke ke ba boloka tlhoko ea PS5 e ncha.
Lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse kang li-microwave, lihlatsoana le metjhini e hlatsoang lijana li se li le boima ho li reka.Likhamphani tse ngata tsa lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse kang Electrolux ha li khone ho fihlela tlhoko ea lihlahisoa tsohle tsa tsona.Lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse bohlale joalo ka litloloko tsa mamati tsa video le tsona li kotsing.
Kaha matsatsi a phomolo a se a le haufi, ho na le tlhokomeliso ea hore re se ke ra lebella mefuta e mengata ea mefuta-futa ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tseo re li tloaetseng lilemong tse tloaelehileng—litemoso tse “feletseng” li ka ’na tsa ata haholo.Ho na le takatso ea ho rera esale pele 'me u se ke ua lebella ho reka le ho amohela lihlahisoa hang-hang.
Bokamoso ba khaello ke bofe?
Ho na le leseli qetellong ea kotopo le khaello ea semiconductor.Pele ho tsohle, ho koaloa ha lifeme tsa COVID-19 le khaello ea basebetsi li se li qala ho fokotseha.Likhamphani tse kholo joalo ka TSMC le Samsung le tsona li tšepisitse libilione tsa lidolara hammoho ho tsetela molemong oa phepelo le likhothatso bakeng sa baetsi ba li-chip.
Keletso e kholo ea khaello ena ke taba ea hore ho tlameha ho fokotsehe ho itšetleha ka Taiwan le Korea Boroa.Hajoale, Amerika e etsa hoo e ka bang 10% feela ea li-chips tseo e li sebelisang, e eketsa litšenyehelo tsa thomello le nako ka lichifi tse tsoang mose ho maoatle.Ho rarolla bothata bona, Joe Biden o ile a itlama ho ts'ehetsa lekala la semiconductor ka bili ea lichelete tsa theknoloji e hlahisitsoeng ka Phuptjane e fanang ka $ 52 bilione bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-chip tsa Amerika.Intel e sebelisa $ 20 limilione tse likete ho lifeme tse peli tse ncha Arizona.Moetsi oa semiconductor oa Sesole le Sebaka CAES e lebelletse ho holisa basebetsi ba eona haholo selemong se tlang, ka khatiso ea ho fumana li-chips le limela tsa US.
Khaello ena e ile ea tšosa indasteri empa ea e lemosa ka litaba tsa nako e tlang ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea lintho tse hlokang li-semiconductors tse ngata tse kang matlo a bohlale le likoloi tsa motlakase.Ka tšepo e tla ela hloko mofuta oa temoso bakeng sa indasteri ea tlhahiso ea li-chip, ho thibela litaba tse tlang tsa mofuta ona.
Ho utulla ho eketsehileng ka tlhahiso ea li-semiconductors, tsamaisa "Semiconductors in Space" ea Hosane ea Lefatše la Kajeno ho SCIGo le Discovery GO.
Explore the World of Production, 'me u fumane saense ka mor'a li-roller coasters, seo u hlokang ho se tseba mabapi le ho sebelisoa hape ka elektroniki,' me u bone hamonate ka bokamoso ba merafo.
Nako ea poso: Jul-28-2022